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Literature Review 2.1 Introduction The second chapter will discuss previous research relating to entrepreneurship and the tendency of independent variables in the study. Definitions, definitions and concepts relating to entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial tendencies, and the independent variables of the study pro-active personality, self-efficacy, locus of control, innovation and risk considerations are discussed as a theoretical basis for the development of research framework. Discussion of studies on demographic factors, development of theoretical framework and hypothesis, the hypothesis will be discussed in this chapter. 2.2 Entrepreneurs Entrepreneurs in the Malay language term is actually derived from the word "effort”, which means the power of initiative, events, and other acts for the purpose of carrying out or completing any work (Kamus Dewan, 2000). According to Kamus Dewan also means a business which operates an enterprise that is a businessman. In related research enterpr

Validity Validity refers to the extent that a test measures what should be measured. It said the problem is whether a measurement (e.g performance measurement) to measure what should be measured. If it does not measure what is supposed to measure the problem will arise. A test is said to be valid if the test is reliable and what measures should be measured. Validity can be divided into: the validity of the face, the validity of content, and Criterion Validity The validity of the idea. a. Face Validity Type of validity that focuses on whether the items in the questionnaire is clear and understood by the subjects. This refer to it measure what is measured with the same name. b. Content Validity Refers to the extent to which the test covers topics in a field of study. They measure the concept adequately studied. For example in the evaluation of employee performance; whether the questions raised in line to get information about the performance of the entire staff. c. Criterion Validity A t